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Orthography (Writing
System)
CONSONANTS: ONSETS
| Working
Orthography |
Example
Words |
Chinese Characters | IPA |
| b |
baa1
"be close to" |
巴 |
p |
| p |
paa3
"afraid" |
怕 |
pʰ |
| m |
maa1
"mother" |
媽 |
m |
| f |
faa1
"flower" |
花 |
f |
| d |
daa2
"hit" |
打 |
t |
| t |
taa1
"him/her" |
他 |
tʰ |
| n |
naa5
"that" |
那 |
n |
| l |
laa1
"now" |
啦 |
l |
| g |
gaa1
"family" |
家 |
k |
| k |
kaa1
"card" |
卡 |
kʰ |
| ng |
nga4
"tooth/teeth" |
牙 |
ŋ |
| h |
haa1
"shrimp/prawn" |
蝦 |
h |
| gw |
gwaa1
"melon" |
瓜 |
kʷ |
| kw |
kwaa1
"exaggerate" |
誇 |
kʰʷ |
| w |
waa1
"frog" |
蛙 |
w |
| z |
zaa1
"dregs" |
渣 |
tʃ |
| c |
caa1
"fork" |
叉 |
tʃʰ |
| s |
saa1
"sand" |
沙 |
s |
| j |
jaa5
"also" |
也 |
j |
NUCLEI
| Working
Orthography |
Example
Words |
Chinese
Characters |
IPA |
| aa |
saa1
"sand" |
沙 |
a: |
| i |
sing1
"star" |
星 |
ɪ |
| u |
fung1
"wind" |
風 |
ʊ |
| e |
sei3
"four" |
四 |
ej |
| o |
sou1
"revive" |
蘇 |
oʊ |
| a |
san1
"new" |
新 |
ə |
| yu |
syu1
"book" |
書 |
ü |
| oe |
goe3
"saw" |
鋸 |
œ |
| eo |
seon1
"enquire" |
詢 |
ø |
CODAS
| Working
Orthography |
Example
Words |
Chinese
Characters |
IPA |
| p |
sap1
"wet" |
濕 |
͜pʔ |
| t |
sat1
"lose" |
失 |
͜tʔ |
| k |
sak1
"stop up" |
塞 |
͜kʔ |
| m |
sam1
"heart/mind" |
心 |
m |
| n |
san1
"new" |
新 |
n |
| ng |
sang1
"life" |
生 |
ŋ |
| i |
sai1
"west" |
西 |
j |
| u |
sau1
"collect" |
收 |
w |
SYLLABIC NASALS
| Working
Orthography |
Example
Words |
Chinese
Characters |
IPA |
| m |
m
"no/not" |
唔 |
m̩ |
| ng |
ng
"a surname" |
吳 | ŋ̩ |
TONES
| Working
Orthography |
Example
Words |
Chinese
Characters |
IPA |
| 1 |
fu1
"man" |
夫 |
High |
| 2 |
fu2
"tiger" |
虎 |
Low-Mid
to High |
| 3 |
fu3
"assist" |
副 |
Mid |
| 4 |
fu4
"support" |
扶 |
Low-Mid
to Low |
| 5 |
fu5
"woman" |
婦 |
Low
to Low-Mid |
| 6 |
fu6
"father" |
父 |
Low-Mid |
**The orthography follows the Jyutping Cantonese Romanization system. Source: http://www.lshk.org/cantonese.php