Preferred language name(s): Limbu
Alternative names: Yakthung Pan
Language classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Western Tibeto-Burman, Himalayan, Kiranti, Eastern
Geographical areas where spoken: Asia, South Asia, Himalays, Nepal (Eastern hills, east of Arun river; Kosi Zone, Dhankuta, Sankhuwasabha, Terhathum, Dhankuta, and Morang districts; Mechi Zone, Taplejung, Panchthar, Ilam, and Jhapa districts), India, Bhutan, Burma
Approximate number of speakers: ~300,000
Other languages spoken in the community: Nepali, Rai, Magar, Sunuwar and English (in school only)
Official language(s) in your country: Nepali and English (de facto)
Other language(s) in your country: Nepali, Maithili, Bhojpuri, Magar, Newari, Tamang, Gurung, Rai, Tharu, Rajbangsi, and more.
Does your language have a widely accepted writing system? Sirijunga Script
If yes, what materials are written? Mostly stories, poems, folktales
Language Status:
Language vitality: endangered
Inter-generational transmission score: 2.5 (Some adults know the language, but do not speak it to children. Most adults speak the language.)
Absolute number of speakers: >100000
Speaker number trends: A majority of community members speak the language, but the numbers of speakers is gradually diminishing.
Domains of use of the language: The language is being replaced even in the home; some speakers may values their language while the majority support language shift.
What have other sources said about Limbu’s vitality?
Source | Reported # of speakers | Vitality Assessment |
endangeredlanguages.com | 300,000 | Threatened |
ethnologue.com | 344,000 | Developing |
en.wikipedia.org | 370,000 | n/a |